Epigenetics
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Epigenetics is the study of the changes that are passed from one generation to another. Epigenetics can be influenced by the environment where pollution of the air can cause diseases such as asthma and other respiratory tract infections. Environmental factors influence DNA methylation and change the way genome function where a change in epigenetic marks cause diseases like cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Epigenetics is influenced by heredity where the parent passes DNA code to the offspring and the experiences that a parent goes through affecting the future generations.
2) How does the quality of attachment affect the development of the nervous system and psychosocial functioning?
Attachment involves physical behavior that is organized and provides intimacy and security. Children go to their caregivers for security in case of any negative stimuli. Mental representations of attachment at early ages shape the emotions which affect memory, attention and emotional reactivity at the central nervous system. Insecure attachment increase adrenocortical activity and heart rate impairing emotion regulation.
Theory of Mind is the ability to understand your mental state and that of other people which includes beliefs, emotions as well as desires. In order to know what other people are thinking about we rely on what they say, how they do things and their personalities. I think having a theory of Mind is requisite for being able to lie because children are not able to lie until the time when they are able to understand people well and how they perceive the world. When children are three years old they are able to conceal some information for others not to know about it.
List, explain and provide novel examples of each of Marcia's 4 stages of identity development
Identity diffusion individual is not committed to doing anything, does not find it necessary to identify with anything and remain isolated. For example, a young boy thinking about what he would pursue as a career in future
Identity status is individuals whose commitments are not well defined and have different alternatives that they are exploring. They make decisions based on what other people expect them to do and follow the ideas of other people. For example, allowing your parent to choose a career for you
Identity moratorium is an individual who is exploring different opportunities that are available but has not yet made a decision on which of the choices is the best. For example, a student who has just graduated and looking for a job in different offices.
Identity achievement is where adolescents are comfortable to choose what they want to do and decide on their future career. For example, a permanent future career as a doctor.