Argument Based on Empirical Evidence and Opinion
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1. Distinguish between argument based on empirical evidence and arguments based simply on opinion
All empirical arguments and evidences are purely based on the use of at least one of the five major senses that humans use that is: seeing, taste, smell, hearing. To back up their support whist opinion is based on an individual’s thoughts and what they believe, but does not essentially have the prop up of empirical analysis or study. In a general perspective, an empirical argument is something that truly happened or that is factually true and can be backed up by facts, while on the other hand an opinion is simply a belief; and it is usually skewed, which means that it can fluctuate based upon one’s emotions, perspective, and a person’s indulgence of something. A good example is, the biological differences between females and males are facts, whereas preference for one gender over the other is an opinion.
2. Describe the reciprocal relationship between the individual and society and communicate how sociology contribute to an understanding of social reality
Man can be viewed as a social animal. He has always lived in social groupings in the society and in the communities as large. Human life and the society always go hand in hand. Human beings cannot be without the existence of a society. Man is equipped both biologically and psychologically to live in small groups in the society in order to feel complete. Therefore, society is an integral part of man’s life as he arises and continues to exist. The society is what surrounds an individual and it is the one that encompasses culture, which is a societal force; hence, man has always to kowtow to these norms to inhabit statuses and be accepted as a member of the group
Sociology is about explanation and description of what composes social process, relations and structures that vary from two person interactions to interactions between large social arrangements such as the economy, politics and relation between countries. All this helps in growing our comprehension of the society and ourselves hence giving us insight that best portray and elucidate our social creations as well as how they sway us. Through sociology we learn who we are, why we are so, how different we are from other people and why this is so. Moreover, contact with sociological studies opens our minds, encourages us to engage alternatives and prompts us to review the taken-for-granted in the society (Dubois & Miley 98).
3. Discuss the social factors that create and perpetuate inequality
Disparity can engross a variety of qualities some of which are qualified such as age, gender, race, family orientation. Some are achieved such as income, lifestyle, education, family procreation and occupation. Of interest though is how these two spheres (achieved and ascribe) influence and intersect each other.
Achieved positions such as education turns out to be deeply influenced by ascribed grade family orientation where parents with higher education tends to make sure their kids to attain a good education like them. This is achieved through the impetus of their financial well off and being role models for the young ones. Those nearest to the top of class hierarchies majorly influence traits, which are desirable and deserve accolades such as power, wealth and prestige. For example in the US, if one is an African American or of female gender, they are classified as being of a lesser status-value by members of the predominant groups that include men and Caucasians (Graaff 132). Finally, another good example of how inequality is perpetuated is the American story of the “pulling oneself up by their bootstraps via hard work”. This notion is always perpetuated by those in the upper class and brought into the lower class. This way individuals in the lower and middle classes often argue and vote in favor of maintaining high levels of disparity even if they do not receive anything from the stratification system.
4. Describe how you have applied the sociological perspective in action to reduce local, national, and global problems.
The following are some the ways in which sociological perspective has helped me reduce local, national, and global problems
Ø Community welfare organization: community development, which I can organize with a grouping of other people who can agree to work with me to undertake projects and programs that are voluntary, for the betterment of the community. The major aim for me will be to enhance the community to be self-reliance and maintain its growth. Community organizations by themselves comes up with change from organizational units and large groups, which in the long term make peoples well being better than it was before (Dubois & Miley 78).
Ø Social administration: administrative skills learnt in sociology will enable me come up with a design of administrative structures and organization of various institutions such as schools, criminal justice systems and hospitals. All this is in the area of social work that is concerned with social administration and practices of services organization and delivery.
Ø Social group work: juvenile offenders, drug and alcohol addicts, people with mental and physical disability, and old people are the major groups that call for social work in any given society. No country can develop without strong policies and personnel to handle these rampant social problems. In backdrop of this, governments will employ us in institutions that are mandated to formulate and supervise the implementation of the social programs that will assist the above named groups of people.
Ø Social research: with knowledge acquired, I shall do research to find out what causes social problems such as drug abuse, poverty, and homelessness which are a bottleneck to national progress and come up with effective policy and operations of eliminating such problems (Graaff 54).
Works Cited
DuBois, Brenda. and Miley, Karla. Social work: An empowering profession. Boston, Pearson Education Inc, 2005. Print
Graaff, Johann. Introduction to Sociology: Poverty and development. Cape Town, Oxford University Press Southern Africa, 2004. Print