Types of Articulation Errors
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TEXT: EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN AN
INTRODUCION TO SPECIAL EDUCATION 11TH EDITION
BY: WILLIAM, ALBER-MORGAN, AND KONRAD
Read the attached handout related to Chapter 8 (Speech and Language Impairments) and
identify the types of articulation errors.
Super Duper® Handy Handouts!®
Types of Articulation Errors – A Simple Guide By Julie A. Daymut, M.A., CCC-SLP
Speech sound production is a complex process that involves precise planning,
coordination, and movement of different articulators (such as the jaw, lips, teeth,
tongue, palate, cheeks, and “voice box”). Correct articulation produces clear
speech. Another name for clear speech is intelligibility.
Errors in speech sound production are known as articulation errors. Articulation
errors are common in children when they first learn to speak. An example of this is
a toddler who says “wabbit” for “rabbit.” Most children eventually outgrow such
speech errors, which are a normal part of learning to produce new sounds. (Note:
Regional dialects, such as a “Boston /r/”, are not articulation errors.)
When a child demonstrates articulation errors beyond those of typical development,
he/she may need to see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). The SLP evaluates the
type of error(s) the child is making and may develop an intervention or therapy
plan. In speech/language sessions, the SLP teaches the child how to make the sound.
He/she shows the child how to move the articulators, what type of sound it is (a
“whistly” sound versus a “stop” sound, for example), and whether to turn voice on or
off.
What are the types of Articulation Error
A child can make the following articulation errors when producing speech sounds:
Substitutions, Omissions, Distortions, and/or Additions. An easy way to remember
these is to use the acronym SODA!
S – Substitutions Definition: Replace one sound with another sound. Examples: “wed”
for “red,” “thoap” for “soap,” “dut,” for “duck”
O – Omissions (also known as deletions) Definition: Omit a sound in a word. Note:
This error affects intelligibility the most, making speech more difficult for the
listener(s) to understand. Examples: “p ay the piano” for “play the piano”, “g een
nake” for “green snake”
D – Distortions Definition: Produce a sound in an unfamiliar manner. Examples:
“pencil” (nasalized—sounds more like an “m”) for “pencil,” “sun” (lisped—sounds
“slushy”) for “sun”
A – Additions Definition: Insert an extra sound within a word. Examples: “buhlack
horse” for “black horse,” “doguh,” for “dog”
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What Are the Types of Articulation Errors? © 2009 Super Duper® Publications •
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