Articles on Specific Measures of Relationship
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Articles on relationship
Article 1
The specific measures of relationship in this study are structural empowerment and psychological empowerment among registered nurses.
This article narrates how psychological empowerment relates to structural empowerment as well as burnout among practicing nurses attending outpatient in dialysis centers. In this study, structural empowerment and psychological empowerment were the independent variables while burnout was the dependent variable. The study employed correlation research using 233 nurses as the sample (Cummings, Grau, Laschinger, & Wong, 2014). The nurses were aged between 24 and 68. Data was corrected using mailed survey using instruments such as demographic data, emotional exhaustion subscale, psychological empowerment scale and questionnaire to determine the conditions for work efficiency.
The study showed significant negative correlations between burnout and structural empowerment. This was also observed for psychological empowerment and burnout. Correlation between psychological empowerment and structural empowerment was found to be significantly positive. In addition to these findings, the study used multiple regression analysis in testing mediation model. From these results, structural empowerment was found to be an independent predictor of burnout (Cummings, Grau, Laschinger, & Wong, 2014). This was not the case for psychological empowerment, which did not qualify as an independent predictor or even show how burnout and structural empowerment related with each other. The study of the theorized relationship in the research increased the understanding for the antecedent to burn out in registered nurses in a chronic dialysis environment. It is paramount to conduct this study again to cover more samples of nurses in a variety of organizations for more credible deductions (Thuss, 2014).
This research is significant because burnout has been regarded as a global problem. Burnout in nursing profession affects the performance of the nurses, the healthcare organization and the patients. Burnout among nurses is characterized by fatigue, sleeplessness, being anxious, and loss of appetite and in extreme cases cardiac related illnesses (Browning, 2013).
The findings are based on systematic review of the two variables in a work place to establish how positive personal attitude towards work affects empowerment. The aim of the study is to find out how structural and psychological empowerments relate with each other in order to establish intervention methods aimed at enhancing better healthcare services (Walston, 2012).
Research methods in this study comprised of published articles on structural and psychological empowerment obtained from credible databases. The data collected from the articles was used to complete assessment on the two types of empowerment. Six studies were competed on the research topic where ten articles strongly showed significant relationship between psychological and structural empowerment (Walston, 2012).
Burnout in a work place contributes to absenteeism, which implies that other nurses will experience overloads in their duties. In extreme cases, burnout will lead to drug abuse such as excessive smoking and alcohol abuse. Burnout may also lead to nurses developing psychosocial problems where they are not able to relate well with friends and relatives as well as colleagues. Such nurses will experience low self-esteem and lack significant meaning to life, which can even lead to suicide (Wagner, 2010).
The findings in this study in my view are both valid and defensible. The findings show a close relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment. The implication of these findings in healthcare and nurse management is that healthcare institutions should create friendly work environment for the nurses (Browning, 2013). This is paramount for both private and public healthcare. Where there is structural empowerment in a healthcare organization, nurses are likely to develop positive attitude towards their profession. This leads to healthy work behavior, which trickles down to the patients because when the nurses experience “burnout” the patient surfer (Anderson, Cummings, Olson, Smith, & Warren, 2010). The nurse may not have the stamina and self-drive to quality services. Safety issues about patients are neglected which leads to negative consequences for the patient. This can lead to increased mortality rates, increased human error and general patient’s dissatisfaction. When the structural component is friendly to the registered nurses, the general workforce becomes innovative. The work force is more productive where the management, the nurses and patients are satisfied with the outcome of general services (Thuss, 2014).
Article 2
This article narrates on reflective leadership as an issue of concern in nursing management profession. The specific measure of relationship in this article is emotional intelligence on how it links to leadership in nursing (Libby, Knebel & Toomey, 2012).
Emotional intelligence comprises of self-awareness, social skills, motivation for self-regulation and being empathic. This intelligence demands nurses to recognize emotions and go beyond to surface them. The concept is significant in relating how personal emotions affect both individual nurses and teamwork in an organization (Libby, Knebel & Toomey, 2012).
Emotional labor (IL) has been integrated in the literature of nursing role. However, further study is important to determine how emotional intelligence (IE) contributes to nursing work. This article discuses the analysis of the findings on IE and its value in the nursing profession. CINAHL and MEDLINE databases were used to provide the main literature together with other relevant journals (Jasper & Severinsson, 2010).
The article also discusses how the science of emotion affects nursing leadership as well as its critiques. The study in this area has been necessitated by the fact that emotional intelligence has been regarded as an emerging construct of significance in nursing management. It has been proposed that studying the science of emotional intelligence is likely to promote better outcome in nursing profession right from its education through health care organizations to both nurses and patients. Despite this claim, many unanswered questions and emerging critiques related to the mentioned claim required in-depth study. Research in this article also explores concepts and measurements that the researchers felt were exaggerated (Gerogiannis, Svarna & Trivellas, 2013).
The study on this article was based on literature found in credible databases covering a period of ten years. The data was enriched with information from other relevant journals.
The results of the study suggest critical reflection regarding emotional intelligence among nurses that are linked with predictive validity, which lacks strong facts to make the reflections apply in nursing leadership. Emotional intelligence forms an integral component of healthy human relationships. On the other hand, Emotional labor is paramount in building successful therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients but there are high risks associated with burnout especially when it is intense. Emotional intelligence therefore provides the required strategies for the nurses to cope with the problem on their health issue (Libby, Knebel & Toomey, 2012).
In summary, concepts regarding emotional intelligence require substantiated knowledge and in-depth critique before any of the concepts can be brought on board and integrated with the study in nursing. The concept of emotional intelligence requires further study and attention before it is fully implemented in nursing education and healthcare management. The current demands in nursing profession are therefore founded on emotional intelligence for successful delivery of patient care and cooperative negotiations regarding multidisciplinary team. It is therefore significant to consider these findings in nursing education (Jasper & Severinsson, 2010).
The emotional labor that nurses engage in their duties is now clearly recognized. However, the concept of emotional intelligence has not been explored until recently when its value has gained recognition in health care. In this study, a suggestion is made on the possible link between emotional responsibilities and emotional intelligence (Gerogiannis, Svarna & Trivellas, 2013).
In my view, the findings in this article are valid and defensible because they imply that in-depth study on emotional intelligence is paramount from the perspective of both the surrounding and personality differences among nurses. You cannot suppress emotions or ignore them but rather one should acknowledge them as well as their value in nursing profession. Some individual nurses can easily adapt to some environments while it can be difficult for others. Some nurses express more emotional responses to their patients compared to their colleagues leaving doubts as to whether they posses higher levels of emotional intelligence. This area needs more in-depth study to establish more personal, professional and economic value of IE. If IE would enable nurses to be more effective in their work through reduction of psychological stress then it can be beneficial to nursing fraternity, patients and managers of health care institutions (Curtis, Sheerin, & Vries, 2011).